The Cemented Construction method is the most cost effective and common method of attaching the sole of a shoe. Once the upper is shaped and completed around the last, the sole is attached with a strong adhesive that is made to withstand heat, wear and moisture.
The Moccasin construction is one of the oldest methods to make a shoe. The construction consists of upper, quarters and insole in one piece stitched together with a vamp apron on top.
Strobel Construction: Used for most athletic shoes, Strobel requires the upper material to be sewn to a fabric bottom creating a “sock.” The upper and bottom are joined by a Strobel stitch, using a Strobel machine. With the upper sock tightly lasted, the upper is cemented to the outsole completing the shoe.
The upper (leather plus lining) is placed on the inner side of the "wall" of the outsole and then stitched together – this technique is known as Side Stitch. This construction method is cost-effective and often used in sports shoes.